Belly dancing has its roots in various ancient cultures of the Arabian Peninsula, and was certainly in existence in pre-Islamic Arabia. It is suggested that women used to belly dance for the moon god Hubal and the love god Wadd. The dance was popular during the Umayyad Caliphate,and Abbasid Caliphate (see photo on right). It is often suggested that belly dance was originally danced by women for women in the Middle East, and North Africa, or that it was developed as an aid to childbirth. The book "The Dancing Girl of Shamakha and other Asiatic tales" by Comte de Gobineau[1] is often cited, but it is a modern novel (published 1918) and offers no concrete historical evidence. In Middle Eastern society two specific belly dance movements are traditionally used in childbirth.[2] However there is no evidence to indicate whether belly dance developed from these two movements, or vice versa. In contrast, evidence of belly dance as entertainment is much more widely available, starting with images in ancient Egypt, [3] and pre-Islamic Caliphates (see photo on right). The Roman poet Martial, visiting Ephesus commented on the "erotic ballerinas" who entertained him. They used finger cymbals and "gyrated...to a steady beat". When Islam was introduced to the Middle East, women were no longer allowed to dance in public and their place was taken by men, called Köçek in the Ottoman Empire.
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